Intelligence Reform Essay Example for Free

parole Reform EssayBrief BackgroundThe aftermath of the 9/11 disaster has caused the US Federal Government to re-assess the setback and possible flaws of their mother country security confession. To primarily focus on investigating the tragedy, in November 27th 2002, the US coition and President Bush commissioned a ten-man panel that comprised the field Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, which is known as the 9/11 Commission. The 9/11 Commission expedited the investigation process and came up with a two-pronged framework based on the assessment. This two-pronged framework consists of the soma of natural action at a global stance and the look of action at the domestic domain. The homeland security aspect has been emphasized and related by the 9/11 Commission with strong urging for implementation and recommended it to congress and the President. In addition, the commission also suggested the enactment of immediate measures that deal with the recognit ion and enforcement agencies and the military organizations. Moreover, the US political relation has enacted several inter- part course of instructions that are passing supported by Congress and President Bush. Thus, the nationalization of homeland strategic programs has form bothy resulted in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) on January 20th 2004.In this regard, this paper will discuss the word components of the IRTPA and measure its performance throughout the cognizance community while comparing it with the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission. On these bases, a conclusive evaluation will discuss the impact of IRTPA to reform the national word of honor community.An Update BrieferThis update briefer is used to keep abreast with the situation of the parole reform in retrospect of the discussion throughout this paper. The paper will also form relevance to the background of concerns affecting the IRTPA. Basically, harmonize to critics, the Bush ad ministration is in its seven years of newsworthiness fiasco which controls more than than 80% of Americas $60 billion intelligence cipherreflective of Secretary of Defense Robert Gates streamlining the Pentagons trail on national security polity and intelligence as he work top in hand with selector of National Intelligence (DNI) Michael McConnellhe gradually assert civilian control over the key spy agencies funded by the justification budget and held Pentagons effort to create its own intelligence machinery independent of the CIA .This criticism could somehow be founded on the discretion of the President and put into opinion the 9/11 Commission Recommendation No.13.2 which states that the current position of managing director of Central Intelligence (DNI) should be replaced by a National Intelligence Director (NID) with two main areas of responsibility (1) to oversee national intelligence centers on specific subjects of interest across the U.S. government and (2) to manage the national intelligence program and oversee the agencies that contri only whene to it . At hindsight, the intelligence fund may have lead to criticism because the teaming up of Pentagon with the CIA requires substantial budget allocation primarily out-of-pocket to the realignment of budget appropriation to intelligence activities.The Framing of Global StrategyThis section of the paper will discuss the 9/11 Commissions framing of global strategy that defines the action of security measures at international perspective, as followsReflection on Generational ChallengeThe 9/11 Commission has opinionated and defined the conceptual framework of knowing their enemies by acquaint the historical origin and doctrines that instilled in their adversaries desires to wage war against America. Basically, familiarizing with the competitor is also familiarizing with the combative measures used in defining or assessing the formidable threat. It was found that terrorism is not only an act of veng eance to kill and destroy but is also based on the doctrines of Islamist secessionism which means that the allied forces and not only America is at risk of terrorist attacks. In this regard, familiarizing with opponent requires the use of all elements of national power diplomacy, intelligence, covert action, law enforcement, economic policy, foreign aid, public diplomacy, and homeland defense.By reflecting on the situation and knowing the enemies, the challenge lies on the manageable tactical and strategically managed plan of action for short and long term implementation.Attacking terrorists and their organizationsThe collaborative diplomatic ties with allied governments focuses on a campaign to stupefy the terrorist attacks by means of information exchange and expanding the open-source of intelligence information, intensifying military subroutines and sharing of fiscal resources to allied governments counter-terrorism programs. The conduct of war on terrorism has been installed at all frontiers of defense ranging from domestic and international boundaries. The strategy being employed is to know better the enemies but more on identifying the perpetrators of terrorism. The coercive action in condemning the so-called cowardice attack to US soil has been proven in the fall of Baghdad and the capturing of Iraki tyrant Saddam Hussein, a close ally of al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden. The war on terrorism is treated with broadened understanding by the 9/11 Commission.Preventing the Continued Growth of Islamist TerrorismAccording to former US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld , the battle of ideas is between the inquire of enforcing law to prevent terrorist attacks and the question of just merely killing them the moment they commit the crime. Capturing terrorists, whether they are suspected or proven otherwise, would strategically achieve security defense. In addition, isolating the enemy and putting them into peripheries is another tactical form of beating them . In contrast to Rumsfelds claim, the 9/11 Commission has tackled the importance of the UNs declaration of gentlemans gentleman rights and some principles on Articles of War of the Geneva Convention. It briefly explains the mankinde treatment of the enemy of the state even when they are captured in combat zonesas largely terrorist prefer to hide in strife-torn areasor at the actual scene of the crime which are non-combat zones and urban population areas.In a way, the act of capturing an enemy is employed with strategic treatment and debriefing on the circumstance of indoctrination, specifically to familiarize with the Islamic doctrines in a tactical aspect. At a glance, it is a minimal gain to extract information from a captured terrorist because most of them are suicidal and would rather bring with them to their grave the classified information they know or possess.In relation to adopt more sustainable strategies at the global perspective, a 6-point framework is as follows1. Tur ning a national strategy into a coalition strategy refers to fostering a broader alliance in various governmental representation from its domestic or homeland relations to international cooperation2. Proliferation of weapons of plenitude destruction refers to supporting the call of the UN Security Council to all members and all allied states to disarmament of lethal weaponry that may result a genocide of the human race3. Streng hence counter proliferation efforts refers to act on counter-measures for countries that condone the exchange of lethal weaponry or weapons of mass destruction4. Expand the proliferation security chess opening refers to expanding the open-source information in aid of intelligence access and exchange5. Support the cooperative threat reduction program refers to the retrieval of authorisationly uncommitted weaponry or armaments that has been stockpiled during the warwhich may be availably used by terrorists6. Targeting terrorist money refers to acting on fin ancial embargo or halting the financial flow on the nature of funds that is being used by terrorists in funding their terrorist activities.Protection and preparation for terrorist attacksThe continuing assessment and monitoring of potential threats of terrorist attacks to US homeland in particular and international communities of allied governments in general are being put into heightened configuration of security measures. The stabilization of eagerness programs and protective laws on immigration would minimize the burdens of terrorist threats. The crossing of b coifs is employed with modernized technological facilities and physical security system that would limit the terrorists mobilization or in-and out-country deployment. Likewise, travel advisory reduces the vulnerability of citizens to plunge into hotspots or terrorist bailiwicks.Defending the HomelandThe 9/11 Commission has formulated recommendations with encompassing urgent actions for the US government to consolidate and mobilize troops and agencies. The key functional agenda is patterned after the global strategy that tackled the US homeland defense system. The following are the recommendations based on How to do it? A different Way of Organizing the Government Unity of Effort Across the Foreign-Domestic DivideThe recommendation called for reeferly undertaking action in the sourcing of integrated intelligence through the establishment of a National Counter-Terrorism Center which has a mandate that resembles the Terrorist Threat Integration Center. The NCTC manages the joint operational and intelligence activities.Unity of Effort in the Intelligence unionStreamlining the flow of intelligence by organizing the key positions of part, in which a National Intelligence Director manages the joint operational and intelligence centers, replacing the CIAs Director of Central Intelligence.Unity of effort in Sharing InformationThe Presidents mandate is called for centripetal the functions of the government t hrough mobilizing all governmental agencies to engage in information gathering and international cooperation with allied governments for information sharing.Unity of Effort in the CongressThis calls for the establishment of a fully functional Congressional body that creates strong security policies and strengthens the homeland security. The unity of effort in Congress creates a policy structure that addresses the judicial and legal processes of security measures that manifests the sovereign interest of the people.Organizing Americas Defenses in the United StatesInstitutionalizing the framework of intelligenceaside from the existing intelligence agenciesthrough a unified and managed specialty agency that is mandated to specifically organize the homeland defense basically results in the creation of the Department of Homeland Security.Transforming the Intelligence Work and Issues on ReformsIn January 20th 2004, the US Congress enacted the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Ac t of 2004 (IRTPA). The primary purpose of IRTPA is to reform the intelligence community and the intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government . The transformation of intelligence work has found relevance in the enactment of IRTPA, in which the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) has worked closely in the framing of the IRTPA as a law. According to ODNI, a great structural change has occurred in the passing of IRTPA . Stressing on the structural change, the ODNI has reformed its capabilities in managing the flow of human intelligence (HUMINT) as their open-source of information. Reforming the capabilities also enabled the optimization of both human and financial resources in managing the operations. The reform in the ODNI has substantially addressed the key operational issues affecting the intelligence community and is able to put into perspective the intelligence work on counter-terrorism, in order to fully manage the homeland d efense system.In a Senate inquiry on the progress of intelligence reform in January 23rd 2007, the ODNI was inquired with several issues. First, they were asked nigh the agency performance in which Sen. John Warner pointed out the progress thus far achieved by ODNI is ten percent . Second, they were questioned on the effectiveness of managing the clandestine operation of the CIA using the HUMINT (human intelligence) in information sharing from open-sources, which apparently still need more refinements from the point of view of organizational management.Furthermore, the performance of the ODNI, as it reported its achievements, has shown defects in its organizational aspect. Due to these defects, the Senate inquiry hinted on an organizational review and suggested the recall of the clandestine operation as further inquired on the assurance of the best intelligence from the Iraq Study Group (ISG), which have achieved tactical and strategic intelligence. The conclusion of the Senate inq uiry presumed on the issue of reform, which does not manifest in the ODNIs organizational might to benchmark the achievements of goals and the CIAs clandestine work.A brief review of the literature shows that the ODNI may have been in the stage of adaptability to the structural change embodied in its organizational mandate by virtue of the IRTPA. Another consideration is the underlying performance of the ODNI in streamlining its goals which has affected the benchmarking of short and long term operational plans in the field and which has merely given due management by the CIA in its clandestine operation in using the HUMINT. At this point, the reform in intelligence community work was supposed to be measured by the expected assertiveness of the ODNIas the 9/11 Commission recommended that the ODNI be designated as the agency that implements joint operational and joint intelligence work and replace some aspect of intelligence work of the CIA.Retrieval of Operation to Manifest ReformIn an effort to fully address the key issues to manifest reform in the structural change brought about by IRTPA and legislative pressures, the retrieval of operation in the organizational function of ODNI has been resolved by the US Senate through the approval of the Fiscal Year 2008 Intelligence Act which would emanate a more ravening role to the ODNI in coordinating with the intelligence community .The Senate Bill has surpassed the ODNIs will of authority and retrieval of its operation that is being realigned to fully act on its function as a frontline agency in executing its mandate given by IRTPA. The degree and scope of authority of the ODNI is then expected to vent the reform in the intelligence community so as to re-examine the burdens and defects of work ranging from ministerial execution to field implementation. Moreover, an added feature that empowers the ODNI is the streamlining of bureaucracy in the formulation and execution of operating plans. Basically, reducing the in volved authorities may expedite and resolutely implement the overall function and coverage of intelligence work. Likewise, the ODNI has been given the authority to appropriate budget thereby earmarking the fund for its National Intelligence Program. It would then be up to the ODNI to utilize and mobilize the resources that would be used to reform in the intelligence community.ConclusionThe determination and identification of the 9/11 Commission for a global strategy has basically created the framework for the US homeland defense system. On the other hand, the recommendations have strongly moved the US governments Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary branches which have enacted the IRTPA of 2004. In addition, the ODNI, as the body acting on intelligence mobilization, would require substantial budget allocation.Analyzing the enactment of IRTPA may be likened to a sword and an armor in which the bearer is the ODNI. In this regard, it can then be said that the US government has created an executioner of war on terrorism.Moreover, the degree and scope of authority vested upon the ODNI may be perceived as an crowning(prenominal) implementer of capturing the worlds update. However, in some degrees, the reform in intelligence community may be burdened by domestic resistance from figures be to allied governments that oppose US foreign policy.Generally, the reform that was achieved by the US homeland defense system is the consolidation of its intelligence enforcement agencies and mobilization of its resources and strategies towards global perspective. The re-structuring of intelligence framework may be described as an art of war or a one-step backward, two-step forward move, which pursues the enemy outside its homeland while minimizing casualties. With this perception, the war on terrorism has been brought to the backyard of allied governments. It may be additionally perceived at the militarist point of view that the reform in intelligence community could reduce the expense of war in order to achieve the socio-economic-political gains from the war zones.BibliographyDonald Rumsfeld Interview on Jan. 30, 2004. 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